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Publication date: 29.05.2024
Legal aspects of human rights and civil liberties
Human rights and civil liberties are fundamental principles that ensure the dignity, freedom and equality of every human being. They are enshrined in international, regional and national legal acts and form the basis of the legal system of any democratic state. In this context, let us consider the main legal aspects of human rights and civil liberties.
International human rights standards
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, is the first universal document proclaiming fundamental human rights and freedoms. It has a recommendatory character, but serves as a basis for many international and national legal acts.
International Covenants on Human Rights (1966)
The two main documents adopted by the UN in 1966 are the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. These covenants are binding on states that have ratified them and set out specific obligations to ensure and protect human rights.
European Convention on Human Rights (1950)
The European Convention on Human Rights is the key Council of Europe document protecting human rights at the regional level. It was adopted in 1950 and entered into force in 1953. The Convention provides for citizens to apply to the European Court of Human Rights for the protection of their rights.
National legislation
Constitution of Ukraine
The Constitution of Ukraine, adopted in 1996, enshrines the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen in section II "Rights, freedoms and duties of man and citizen". It establishes guarantees of their realization and protection. You may be interested in the following articles: consultation of a lawyer, consultation of a lawyer, analysis of documents, legal analysis of the situation, written advice, verification of documents by a lawyer, lawyers documents, assistance of a lawyer online, lawyer online, legal opinion, legal opinion of a lawyer, lawyer online.
Laws of Ukraine
The legislation of Ukraine has adopted a number of laws detailing and ensuring the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms. These include, in particular:
The Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced Persons".
Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of Personal Data".
Law of Ukraine "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations".
Classification of human rights
Personal rights
Personal rights ensure the physical and moral integrity of the individual. They include:
The right to life (Article 27 of the Constitution of Ukraine).
The right to freedom and personal inviolability (art. 29 of the Constitution).
The right to respect for private and family life (article 32 of the Constitution).
Political rights
Political rights ensure the participation of citizens in the political life of the state. Among them:
The right to participate in the management of public affairs (Article 38 of the Constitution of Ukraine).
The right to associate in political parties and public organizations (art. 36 of the Constitution).
The right to peaceful assembly (article 39 of the Constitution).
Economic, social and cultural rights
These rights are aimed at ensuring a decent standard of living and personal development. They include:
The right to labor (Article 43 of the Constitution of Ukraine).
The right to social protection (art. 46 of the Constitution).
The right to education (article 53 of the Constitution).
Mechanisms for the protection of human rights
National mechanisms
Courts of general jurisdiction - hear cases of human rights violations.
The Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for Human Rights (Ombudsman) - exercises parliamentary control over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms.
Bodies of executive power - realize the policy in the sphere of human rights.
