Publication date: 26.06.2024
active and purposeful military lawyer with more than 4 years of experience
Use of specialized knowledge during the investigation of crimes
Investigating crimes is a complex process that requires the use of various methods and tools. One of the key aspects of an effective investigation is the use of specialist knowledge. Special knowledge is a set of scientifically based information about a certain branch of science, technology, art or craft, which is used to establish factual data relevant to the case.
Applying specialized knowledge to crime investigations is important for several reasons:
Expanding the evidence base. Special knowledge makes it possible to identify, record, remove and examine physical evidence that, without the involvement of specialists, could be lost or would not receive a proper assessment.
Deeper analysis of the circumstances of the crime. Expert opinions, based on special knowledge, make it possible to investigate in detail the mechanism of committing a crime, the reasons and conditions that contributed to it, to identify the peculiarities of the criminal's way of acting, etc.Establishing the identity of the criminal. The use of forensic methods and forensic examinations is often decisive for the identification of a suspect based on the traces left by him.
Damage assessment. Special knowledge makes it possible to accurately determine the amount of material damage caused by a crime, as well as to assess moral, physical or other damage.
Thus, the use of special knowledge is an integral part of modern criminal justice. Let's consider in more detail the main forms of application of special knowledge during the investigation of crimes.
Forensic examinations
The most common form of using special knowledge is the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations. Forensic examination is a study by an expert based on his special knowledge of material objects, phenomena and processes containing information about the circumstances of the case under consideration.During the investigation of crimes, various types of forensic examinations may be ordered:
Forensic examinations (dactyloscopic, tracing, ballistic, handwriting, etc.)
Forensic medical examinations
Forensic psychological examinations
Forensic and economic examinations
Forensic environmental examinations
Auto technical examinations
Construction and technical expertise
Computer and technical examinations
Explosive examinations
Gemological examinations
Art studies examinations
Linguistic examinations
And other
Expert research allows you to establish important factual data, such as:
the mechanism of formation of traces, physical evidence;
property of objects to a certain person or event;
presence or absence of connection between objects;
psychological characteristics of the criminal;
the amount of damage caused, etc.
Based on the results of the examination, a conclusion is drawn up, which has an important evidentiary value in criminal proceedings.
Involvement of specialists
In addition to conducting forensic examinations, during the investigation of crimes, various specialists are also involved to participate in investigative (search) actions. A specialist is a person who has special knowledge and skills and can provide advice and technical assistance during such actions.Most often, specialists from the following fields are involved:
Criminologists
Forensic doctors
Civil engineers
Automotive equipment
Forensic accountants
IT specialists
Explosives
Translators
Specialists can help:
detect, record and remove traces of a crime;
conduct separate investigations at the scene of the incident;
provide advice on the tactics of conducting investigative actions;
explain the content of the received expert opinions, etc.
Their involvement significantly increases the efficiency of the investigation, allows a deeper understanding of the mechanism of the event and obtains additional evidence.
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