Publication date: 09.07.2024
Legal regulation of social security in Ukraine
Introduction
Social security is an important component of the social policy system of any state. It is aimed at supporting citizens in cases of disability, unemployment, old age, illness and other socially significant events. In Ukraine, social security is regulated through a system of laws and regulations that establish the legal, organizational and financial framework for social protection of the population. In this article, we will consider the main principles, regulations and bodies that regulate social security in Ukraine.
Basic principles of social security
The legal regulation of social security in Ukraine is based on several basic principles that define the foundations of social protection:
Universal accessibility. Social security should be available to all citizens regardless of their social status, gender, age, nationality or other characteristics.
Solidarity and mutual assistance. The social security system is based on the principle of solidarity, where working citizens pay contributions to support those who are temporarily or permanently unable to work.
Fairness and equality. Social security should be provided on an equitable basis, ensuring equality of access to social services and benefits.
State support. The state assumes obligations to finance and organize the social security system, guaranteeing the protection of citizens' rights in cases of social risks.
Sustainabilityand reliability. The social security system should be sustainable and reliable, providing citizens with confidence in the future and protection against social risks.
Key regulations
The legal regulation of social security in Ukraine is based on a number of regulations, among which the key ones are
TheConstitution of Ukraine. The fundamental law of the state enshrines the right of citizens to social protection in cases of full, partial or temporary disability, loss of breadwinner, unemployment, old age and other cases provided for by law.
TheLaw of Ukraine "On Compulsory State Pension Insurance". This law establishes the legal and organizational framework for pension provision to citizens, and defines the procedure for calculating and paying pensions.
TheLaw of Ukraine "On Compulsory State Social Insurance". The Law regulates social insurance against unemployment, temporary disability, industrial accidents and occupational diseases.
TheLaw of Ukraine "On State Assistance to Families with Children". This law establishes the types, amounts and procedure for providing state aid to families with children.
TheLaw of Ukraine "On Social Services". The Law regulates the procedure for the provision of social services to citizens in difficult life circumstances and in need of social support.
TheLaw of Ukraine "On the Subsistence Level". This law defines the legal framework for the formation and establishment of the subsistence minimum as the basic social standard in Ukraine.
State regulatory authorities
The main governmental authorities responsible for regulating and supervising social security in Ukraine are:
TheMinistry of Social Policy of Ukraine. The Ministry is responsible for formulation and implementation of the state policy in the field of social security, development of regulations, and coordination of activities of other state bodies in this area.
The PensionFund of Ukraine. This is a central executive body that administers and manages the system of compulsory state pension insurance, ensures the calculation and payment of pensions.
TheSocial Insurance Fund of Ukraine. The Fund administers the system of compulsory state social insurance, including unemployment insurance, temporary disability, industrial accidents and occupational diseases.
Pensions and retirement benefits
Pensions are an important component of the social security system in Ukraine. It includes the calculation and payment of old-age, disability, survivors' and long service pensions. The main provisions of the pension system include:
Old-age pensions. Old-age pensions are granted to individuals who have reached the established retirement age and have the required insurance record. The amount of the pension depends on the length of the insurance period and the salary from which the insurance contributions were paid.
Disability pensions. Disability pensions are provided to individuals who have lost their ability to work as a result of illness, accident or occupational disease. The amount of the pension depends on the degree of disability and the length of the insurance period.
Survivor'spensions. This pension is granted to disabled family members of a deceased breadwinner if the breadwinner had the required insurance record. The amount of the pension is determined depending on the number of disabled family members and the length of the breadwinner's insurance record.
Longservice pensions. Long-service pensions are granted to certain categories of citizens who have a long insurance record in certain professions or positions that give them the right to such a pension.
Social insurance
The social insurance system in Ukraine includes several types of insurance aimed at protecting individuals from various social risks. The main types of social insurance include:
Unemployment insurance. This is a type of social insurance that provides financial support to citizens who have lost their jobs. Insurance payments are provided for the period of searching for a new job and depend on the length of the insurance period and the amount of salary.
Temporary disability insurance. This is a type of social insurance that provides financial support to citizens in case of temporary disability due to illness, accident or pregnancy and childbirth. Insurance payments depend on the length of the insurance period and the amount of salary.
Insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases. This is a type of social insurance that provides financial support to people who suffer from accidents at work or occupational diseases. Insurance payments depend on the degree of disability and the amount of salary.
State aid to families with children
State assistance to families with children is an important component of the social security system in Ukraine. It includes various types of assistance aimed at supporting families with children and ensuring their social rights. The main types of state aid to families with children include:
Childbirth allowance. This is a one-time payment provided to families upon the birth of a child. The amount of the benefit depends on the number of children in the family and is set by law.
Childcare allowance until the child reaches the age of three. This is a monthly payment provided to one of the parents or other persons caring for a child until the child reaches the age of three.
Child benefit for single mothers. This is a monthly payment provided to mothers who raise children on their own without the participation of a father. The amount of the benefit depends on the family income and is set by law.
Allowance forchildren in foster care. This is a monthly payment provided to guardians or custodians to ensure the maintenance of children left without parental care.
Assistance to large families. This is a monthly payment provided to families with three or more children. The amount of the benefit depends on the number of children in the family and is set by law.
Social services
Social services are an important component of the social security system aimed at supporting citizens in difficult life circumstances and in need of social assistance. The Law of Ukraine "On Social Services" establishes the procedure for providing social services, their types and categories of recipients. The main types of social services include:
Counselingservices. These are services provided to citizens to provide information, advice and assistance in solving social problems.
Social adaptation. These are services aimed at helping citizens to adapt to new social conditions, including support in finding a job, training and professional development.
Social rehabilitation. These are services provided to citizens who need to restore their ability to work and social activity after an illness, injury or other negative events.
Social integration and reintegration. These are services aimed at supporting citizens in integrating into society, including assistance in finding a job, housing and other forms of social support.
Social support. These are services provided to citizens to provide ongoing support and assistance in solving social problems.
Conclusion.
The legal regulation of social security in Ukraine is an important tool for ensuring social protection of citizens, maintaining their well-being and stability in the face of social risks. It includes the legal framework, the activities of state regulatory and supervisory authorities, the system of pensions, social insurance, state assistance to families with children, and social services. Effective legal regulation contributes to the development of social security, raising the standard of living of citizens and ensuring social stability in society.
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